The use of Database system in the IT society

    As we go deeper into the Information Age, we are beginning to realize that information is fast becoming a very valuable commodity that is bought and sold like other precious resources such as oil, and gold. In fact, experts are predicting that information will become one of the most important resources in the next millennium. If the Industrial Age was fuelled by natural resources, the resource that will fuel the Information Age will be information.

     Information is the end result of processing huge quantities of data -  the building blocks of information. To harness the power of information, one must have access to data from which they are based on. But before data can be used to produce information, it must first be stored and maintained in large quantities in repositories known as databases. Database and related systems allow for the retrieval, storage, and processing to information of data when and where it needed.

     Learning how databases and related system work is the first step in harnessing the power of information. The skills and knowledge that you will acquire from this undertaking will make you not just an end- user of information, but one who is capable of creating information. 

What is Database System?

     A database system is an system for maintaining records. It provides users with several facilities to perform a variety of operations such as:

• add new information
• delete existing information
• update existing information

    In addition, it is also used to maintain and retrieve information whenever it is needed. Moreover, database systems are typically used to manage huge quantities of data like a country's voters' list. Data management includes defining the storage structure of the information and means that will enable the users to manipulate the stored information.

     In general, a database system is nothing more than a collection of related data. By this definition, the names, address, and telephone numbers of friends that a student keeps in an address book can be considered as a database. Another example of a database system under this definition is the card catalog system which contains information about the books and other resource materials in a library.

    Database system can vary in terms of size and complexity. The information stored in an address book is relatively small and simple. On the other hand, the subscribers listed in the telephone directory is greater in size but is still simple in terms of structure because the names of subscribers are simple arranged alphabetically; it can also be arranged according to regions, provinces, and municipality.

    The collection of information stored in a database system at a given point in time is called an instance of the database. The over- all design of a database system is called the database scheme or schema.

     Typically, the previous examples are manually created and maintained. On the other hand, there are database system examples which can also be created and maintained by using a machine- a computer to be specific. Here are some examples: first, a small library can store information about its collection in a desktop computer. Second, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) can make use of an entire computerized system to create and maintain  the voter's list.

      A database can be thought of as an integrated system designed primarily to minimizes, if not eliminate the repetition of data. The  files of a database system are part of an  over all software package. The software package creates, manages, and accesses the different files in a database system. It also contains a pool of structured data that can be shared by multiple users. Users are provided with data models to define the logical structure of data and data languages to define and manipulate the data according to the logical structure of the data model.

How Computers Work?

For a computer to work,three things are necessary:

1. Hardware are the pieces of equipment that make up the computer.
2. Software or program it tells the computer what it is the instructions that tell the computer on how it to perform its tasks.
3. Peopleware is the person wh the tasks it should perform.

  This process is on how the computers are run:

   First, you enter data or information into the computer. This is called input. The computer then process the data to perform the required task. When it is finished, the computer gives you the results. the results are called output. a computer also stores your work for you nto use it agin or make changes to it at another time. If you want to make your projects, her's how the computer can help you:

Input:

   Selecting the right software

  To make a project you need to use a type of software called a word processing software. This can be selected using the keyboard or a mouse.

   EnteringData

  Once you are in the right program, you can begin to input your project by toping on the keyboard. The backspace and delete keys are like electronic erasers. In addition to letters and numbers, the keyboard has special keys for centering or underlining words, moving sentences around, checking speling, printing out a page and doing other tasked. When you nhit one of these keys, the word processing program tells the computer what to do.

Processing:

   Inside the computer

  The instructions from the word processing program are carried out inside the computer by the central processing unit or CPU. The CPU is the computer's brain.

Storage:

  Keeping Date to Use it Later

  A computer also stores information that you want to use later. Suppose you want to stop working on in making your project, you can live it for some purpose.

 Hard Disk

  Inside most computers is a hard drive. the hard drive contains a hard drive made of metal that cannot be removed. This disk holds much more information than a flash drive and works faster. The hard disk stores the programs you need and also stores the information you want to save.

Output:

  Getting the Results

  The monitor and printer are the most commonly used output devices. As you type your project, the words appear on a monitor, which is similar to a television screen. Your project can be printed on paper by using printer.

How computers are used

Today's high powered computers can do things in a few seconds that would take a person working by hand days, or even years, to do.In today's world, the use of computers is so important, How the computers are use?

   

Computers help People Learn.

• Educational programs teach subjects like math, spelling, and researching.
• The computers can keep track of a students progress.

Computers Help People to Communicate

•  Computers are used to write reports for school, to write letters to a friends or to the family, and to write stories.
• Computers are also used to create newspapers, magazines, and books
• People use computers to send a electronic mail(e-mail), sometimes across the continent or to other countries.
• People who cannot speak can use keyboard messages that the computer translates into speech, and people who cannot type can speak into a computer, which translates their speech into text.

Computers Help People Create

• People are using computers to create artwork and music or to design buildings that use by the engineers.
• Special effects that appear in moves and television are often created with the use of the computers.

Computers Keep Information Organized

• Computers keep track of the information in files called database. For examples, from the National Bureau of Investigation(NBI) database, police departments can get information about criminals or stolen goods from all around the Philippines.

Computers Help Make Predictions

• Companies use computer programs to predict how the business decisions they make will affect them in the future.
• Special computer programs use data collections from satellites to help forecast the weather, like PAGASA, they can predict where the typhoons are going to landfall.

Computers are Use to Manufacture Products

• Companies use Computer-Aided Design(CAD) software to create detailed drawings of an object and then test it to see how to make it stronger or cheaper.
• Computers can be used to control machinery used to make parts or to control robots that assemble the parts.

Computers aren't Just Found on Desk

• Computers are used in automatic teller machines at the backs and with the price scanner at the supermarket checkout.
• Automobiles, micro waves ovens,and digital watches all have built-in computers.

The cause in using the Social Networking Sites

     People nowadays are bothered of social networking sites. These are beneficial in some ways. It is a social structure made up of individuals or organization called "nodes" which are connected by one or more specific types of interdependency, such as friendships, relationships or beliefs, knowledge and prestige. Like some other forms of technologies, it is important to our daily lives.

    The users of Social Networking Sites have their own reasons why they use the sites. As the research revealed, one of the advantages of this is reaching out to people outside the country for communication and entertainment. Some say it also benefiting them in some aspects like gaining new friends, developing their computer skills, and having fun, as a result, removing stress itself.

   As of today, the community used sites are the Facebook, Twitter, Friendster and Multiply. These sites are popular for those computer-fanatics. It was proven and strongly influence by public opinion, link corporate networks and friends, reach to million of audiences, disseminate information, charge the landscape of advertising, and also doing marketing.

   Sad to say, most people today do not know the disadvantages of these Social Networking Sites. Like some technologies it has "bad effects". It can affect people not only their health but most likely their personal life. It can sell one's personal information to anyone who wants to buy it including predators and lead persons to addiction. For the students, it can degrade school performances and get low grades. For employees, it can get them fired- a research revealed that more than 72% employees now in every company spent 1-5 hours on Facebook, twitter and other social networks. Lastly, it is dangerous and unhealthy for the user may skip his meal or may not eat at the right time.

   Social networking sites are really great especially in today's generation, but remember that excess in everything is bad. Being aware of the new things on our real world is really inspiring and effective. It is for this reason that we are calling the attentions of the social networking users o give more meaning to these sites, to use this at the right time for us to be benefited and not to abused.

Ergonomic Keyboard

An ergonomic keyboard is a computer keyboard designed with ergonomic considerations to minimize muscle strain and  a host of related problems. Typically such keyboards are constructed i a V shape, to allow right and left hands to type at a slight angle more natural to the human form.It has a different kinds that helps the users to avoid the different kind of pains:

• Fixed-split keyboard is a single board, with the keys separated into two or three group, allowing the user to type at a different angle than the typical straight keyboard.
• Adjustable split keyboard has the keyboard split into several independent pieces, so the angle between them can be easily changed.
• Angled split keyboard is similar to a split keyboard, but the middle is tented up so that the index fingers are higher than the middle finger while typing. Key Ovation makes the gold touch which is an adjustable angled split keyboard.

Like the other gadgets the Ergonomic keyboard has the advantages and disadvantages.

• Advantages

An ergonomic keyboard may reduce muscle strain and reduce risk of carpal tunnel syndrome, but there is no clear evidence of benefits. Manufacturers claim ergonomic keyboard reduce injuries, and that after a user takes the time to adjust tom this style of keyboard, ergonomic keyboards can make typing easier, faster and less awkward.

• Disadvantages

Some ergonomic keyboards are sold at very high prices. Typically ergonomic keyboards also include other premium features such as mechanical or topre switches which radically increase their cost, although this does significantly increase lifespan. For simply ergonomically shaped keyboards with no additional features, prices are a little higher than non shaped keyboards.

What is Word Processing Software and its kinds?

A word processor is a computer application used for the production of any sort of printable materials. Word processor may also refer to a type of stand- alone office machine, popular in the year 1970's and 1980's, combining the keyboard text- entry and printing functions of  an electric typewriter with a dedicated processor for editing of text.Word processor are descended from early text formatting tools and it is one of the earliest applications for the personal computer in office productivity. Although early word processors used tag- based  for document formatting, most modern word processors take advantage of a graphical user interface providing some form of what-you-see-is-what-you-get(WYSIWYG).Other word processing functions include spell checking, grammar checking and a thesaurus function. Other common features include collaborative editing, comments and annotations, support for images and diagrams and internal cross- referencing.

Word Processors can be distinguished from several other related forms of software:

•  Microsoft Word is the one of the word's most popular word processing programs. Microsoft has a more than 90 percent of the word processing market and more than 450 million users. Microsoft Corp. first released this program to the market in 1989 and since then there been a number of upgrades to the software.
• Open Office Writer is a free application that can be installed on Windows, Mac and Linux computers. The layout of the program is similar in some respects to Word, but the functionality  is less sophisticated.
• Google Docs is a free suit office productivity applications that includes a word processor, spreadsheet program and other programs. Collaboration and offsite storsage on Google servers are the main advantage of this program.
• Zoho Writer like Google Docs, Zoho Writer is a web based word processing application that is free to use. Zoho specializes in office applications . Zoho's best features include document templates, integrated with other Zoho office applications. Zoho Writer can directly post to WordPress, LiveJournal and other blog platforms.
• Lotus Word Pro this program works in concent with Lotus applicationto allow the users to dreate and distribute formatted text documents.It is product and distributed by IBM Corp. Lotus Word Pro is also compatible with Mocrisoft Word and ideal for writing reports, memos and proposals.
• IWork Pages is a word processing progarm offered by Apple Incorporated, so if you own Mac computer this might be the ideal option for your needs.It is part of Apple's iWork suite of programs. Pages allows you to perform basic word processing functions- writing and formatting- as well as more complex graphical layout actions.

History of Computer

    The history of the modern computer begins with two separate technologies-automated calculation and programmability- but no single device can be identified as earliest computer, partly because of the inconsistent application of that term. A few devices are worth mentioning though, like some mechanical aids to computing, which were very successful and survived for centuries until the advent of the electronic calculator, like the abacus,designed around 2500 BC by the Chinese. It is considered as the earliest toll in calculation.

    In 1642, the Renaissance saw the invention of the mechanical calculator, a device that could perform all the four arithmetic operations without relying on human intelligence. The mechanical calculator was at the root of the development of computer in two separate ways: initially, it is in trying to develop more powerful and more flexible calculators that the computer was first theorized by Charles Babbage and then developed, leading to the development of the mainframe computer in the year 1960's but also the microprocessor, which started the personal computer revolution, and which is now at the heart of all computer systems regardless o9f size or purpose.

  In 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard made a machine called punched card as a template which allowed his loom to weave intricate patterns automatically. The resulting Jacquard loom was an important step in the development of computers because the use of punched cards to define woven patterns can viewed as an early.

  In 1837, Charles Babbage was the first to conceptualized and design a fully programmable mechanical computer, his analytical engine.

The Atanasoff-Berry Computer(ABC) was among the first electronical digital  binary computing devices that invented by John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry. This machine was not programmable, being designed to solve systems of linear equations.

The Harvard Mark is a large- scale electromechanical computer with limited programmability.

Several developers of ENIAC, recognizing its flaws, came up with a far more flexible and elegant design. The first working prototype to demonstrated was the Manchester Machine in 1948.The Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator(EDSAC), was the first practical, non- experimental implementation of the program design and was put use immediately for research work at the university.

Lesson 3: MS Excel and its parts

   In our modern age, computers have become the premier tools for various users and needs, from data management to more sophisticated applications.Today some people use the electronic spreadsheet called MS Excel. Microsoft Excel is one of the most used electronic spreadsheet programs today. Today I learned the important in using the MS Excel in making the number computations.

  MS Excel is using a spreadsheet that use to enter data. A spreadsheet are the wide sheets of paper used by some people in making number computations, ledgers, inventories, and other. With the coming of the computers, there were programs made to function as spreadsheets. An electronic spreadsheet is a computerize version of a manual spreadsheet.

   Electronic spreadsheet are computer applications or programs that allow the users to manipulate and navigate spreadsheets using the computers.However, because of the power of computers, electronic spreadsheet now come with many features, and incorporate graphics, formulas, and information.

   Microsoft Excel is an electronic spreadsheet program that created by the Microsoft Corporation to be used in Windows. It has three components:

• Spreadsheet - allows the users to organize or analyze text or numbers displayed in a cells of rows and numbers.
• Database - allows the users to manipulate data or informations in a database.
• Charts- allows the users to display data or informations using charts.

Like the Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel has also a parts that use in making datas, these are the following:

• Menus bar - contains various commands that can be used by the users for different purposes and tasks.
• Formula bar - shows the contains of the active or selected cells and displays the cell reference.
• Work book Window - contains the workbook where the users will work on, containing the data and formulas that entered.
• Status bar - displays informations about the current activity or tasks.

    Excel also organizes data to transfer it into relevant and useful informations. It is important that the user is proficient with the different elements of Excel which are used in handling these data.

   In Excel, the users use a workbook which is the file that use for work and where it store the data.Workbook are composed of several worksheets that the users can use to work on. It is where the users can input, store, organize, and analyze data.

  Worksheets are composed of the following:

•    Row - a series of small, rectangular boxes arranged horizontally and identified by a numbers.
• Column - a series of small, rectangular boxes arranged vertically and identified by a letters.
• Cell - this formed when a row and column intersect, and is one in a series of rectangular boxes. This where the users enter data and formula in the worksheets. The particular cell where you are currently working on is called the active cell

   The combinations of row and column forms a grid and their intersection forms a cell. A worksheet contains up to 256 column and 65,536 rows. About three worksheets are available as the default but can be increased as desired. The column begin with the letter A through the letter Z, AA through AZ, and so on, while the rows are numbered from 1 to 65,536 on the left side of the Excel window.

Lesson 2: Blog and Sending Email

We now live in the information age, where almost all the aspects of our lives are influenced by a computers. Every machine, gadgets, and equipments that people use today contains computers or other electrical components. The use of computers in business and industry contains to rise, and it will not be long when almost all our actions, and transactions will be affected and will depend on computers. Because of this, the need to trained computer users, and information professionals is now we urgent, and more companies, and organizations are hiring people who have a knowledge in computers. These are various types of expertise and skills in the computer technology field. Young learners of computers need to be familiar with these careers so that they can focus on a certain experties which they can pursue as a career in a particular field.
Computers are now an integral parts of our daily lives. Many people pursue to learn on how they find themselves catching up with technological advancements, as a new world of interconnection and multimedia rapidly approaches. A world that requires computers proficiency and know

Making a Blog and sending email
Some person use the computer to express there taught, like in creating a blog and sending a message through email.
 In today's lesson, we learned to make our own blog.  Blog is the way to express one's feelings. Because using a blog, we can express our feelings and taught. In creating a blog we must become a honest person. Do not copy and paste other popular articles. If you are going to use them as references, give them the proper credit. Just write what you can and slowly, you will find your writing has envolved together with your blog. Your blog is your own media and it can use to promote yourself. In some instances, some people make there own comments about the blog that they read. Comments are important because it help you to in hands your writings. Your readers are what make you a better blogger. Their loyalty, suggestions, and insights into your article help you grow. In return, acknowledge them and show them that they are appreciated.
Another lesson that we had today is about how to send a message through email. Email is use to send a important message and also use to

What I've learn for today's lesson about Microsoft office?

In modern world, computer have become the premier tools for various users and needs,from data managements to games  to more more sophisticated applications. For today's world, the computer is become more important than in managing text and documents. Computers are now an integral parts of our daily lives. Many young people, Especially the students, find themselves catching up with technological advancements, as a new world of interconnection and multimedia rapidly approaches.

What I've learned for today's lesson about Microsoft Office?
Microsoft Word is one of the most used word processors today. It is one of the components of Microsoft Office, the office package that includes a word processor( Word), a spreadsheet( Excel), a presentation software( PowerPoint), a data application( Access), and various other program.

 In studying the MS Word, I learned the different parts that we can use in creating a documents. One of that is the margins and spacing. In changing the margins and spacing within your documents, its size and orientation, or you can change the font and font size of your text. In creating a documents, there are some various settings in the page can be modified, including its size and orientation. You can modify the size and orientation of the page to suit your requirements. In changing the orientation of the documents, there are two orientation that we can use. The Portrait and Landscape Orientation.Portrait Orientation- it is an orientation that shows the paper in standing position and the Landscape Orientation- it is an orientation that shows the paper in landscape position.

I learned also the another parts of the MS Word. The Header and Footer. Header and footer are character that prints at the top or bottom of every page. The header is at the top of the paper and the footer is at the bottom. The other parts of the MS Word are the font and font size. In using MS Word. the user can change the characters appear, how large they look, or even creative works of art. A font determines how the texts appear on the screen. A font include both the appearance of the font, represented by a name and a font size. You can also apply different attributes to your text. Among these attributes are boldface, italic, and underlining.

Another components of the Microsoft that I've learned is the MS PowerPoint. MS PowerPoint is a presentation programmed that create different types of presentations. PowerPoint gives you more than the capacity to give a presentation. It also creates for you the outline and prints the slides in a particular manner. PowerPoint help us to make our presentation more easily. It has also different parts that use in creating a presentation, like the slide- slide show, ribbon, slide views, design themes, slide transition, animation,and slide master.

College is Harder than High School?

    Some says that in one's lifetime, nothing beats the high school experience. Every little thing is fresh , new, exciting, and thrilling. You get to wear new uniforms, new friends, and lots of new and interesting activities taht you never got to experience as a pupils in high school. Being in college is like one rank up to the society ladder; you're expected to become more mature and even be able to make some decisions for yourself.

   When you're in high school, this question easily becomes" what are the difference in college and in high school? And eventually, Isn't college is harder than high school?

    The grown-ups repeatedly tell me that college is different, that you have to shape and act more mature and responsible, that is the stage in life that will determine how well you will do in the future. To some, it could also mean freedom or even terror professors!

    During college perhaps we should substitute the word " harder " with " different" and "challenging" . Bear in mind that in high school, our teachers give us a tasks that will help us know what we want to specialize in college. It's not that the tasks are harder, but as I grow older, my mentors would also expect growth in how I  adapt in understanding various things. Sometimes, I'm are afraid to try out new things because I'm afraid of failing. But why should we sulk if we find  something difficult? This is the time to know other people who might be able to help me to overcome my obstacles. In reality, the challenging part about being in college is keeping up-there are many distractions that come with the new found freedom. College, after all, is the place where my specialty will be honed. College is the time where I must learn how to be able to improve not just in one's studies, but also as a person.

     "Never, ever forget, that being in college is still means being in school-which means you are  here to learn, learn and learn more.Take each day as your training ground to earn experiences that will help you to overcome the obstacles that may come yourway. Make it an unforgettable part of your life, and know in your heart that learning will never end in the confines of any classroom nor campus, you will continue to learn everyday with the world as your school ans experience as your best teachers". This is the lesson that I learned in my previews teachers that why in college I can apply it to become more productive in the field that I choose.