History of Computer

    The history of the modern computer begins with two separate technologies-automated calculation and programmability- but no single device can be identified as earliest computer, partly because of the inconsistent application of that term. A few devices are worth mentioning though, like some mechanical aids to computing, which were very successful and survived for centuries until the advent of the electronic calculator, like the abacus,designed around 2500 BC by the Chinese. It is considered as the earliest toll in calculation.

    In 1642, the Renaissance saw the invention of the mechanical calculator, a device that could perform all the four arithmetic operations without relying on human intelligence. The mechanical calculator was at the root of the development of computer in two separate ways: initially, it is in trying to develop more powerful and more flexible calculators that the computer was first theorized by Charles Babbage and then developed, leading to the development of the mainframe computer in the year 1960's but also the microprocessor, which started the personal computer revolution, and which is now at the heart of all computer systems regardless o9f size or purpose.

  In 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard made a machine called punched card as a template which allowed his loom to weave intricate patterns automatically. The resulting Jacquard loom was an important step in the development of computers because the use of punched cards to define woven patterns can viewed as an early.

  In 1837, Charles Babbage was the first to conceptualized and design a fully programmable mechanical computer, his analytical engine.

The Atanasoff-Berry Computer(ABC) was among the first electronical digital  binary computing devices that invented by John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry. This machine was not programmable, being designed to solve systems of linear equations.

The Harvard Mark is a large- scale electromechanical computer with limited programmability.

Several developers of ENIAC, recognizing its flaws, came up with a far more flexible and elegant design. The first working prototype to demonstrated was the Manchester Machine in 1948.The Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator(EDSAC), was the first practical, non- experimental implementation of the program design and was put use immediately for research work at the university.